That comment refers to that change in /etc/default/grub, but that change does not have an effect on a running system. Sure, if you reboot with that option set, you won't have IPv6. But you haven't rebooted yet.
Note: Before you try these, make sure you have some sort of a console access to your Ubuntu (not ssh) because there is a good chance that networking does not come up as expected.
I set up a test virtual machine running Ubuntu 18.04.1 with IPv6 connectivity (manual). I then disabled its IPv6 by running
sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1, and sure enough, my IPv6 address disappeared. I then re-enabled IPv6 functionality in kernel with
sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0. However, when I disabled IPv6 it made my IPv6 address disappear from
ifconfig output, and re-enabling IPv6 did not bring it back. For that, I needed to
ip link set ens3 down && ip link set ens3 up (where ens3 is the name of my network interface, yours is probably different) and voilà, my IPv6 address shows up in ifconfig again. Perhaps you need to do that same "ip link set.." trick.